英语翻译摘要：由于北宋是通过军事政变的形式建立的,在这样特殊背景下,致使了北宋的选官制度是极其复杂的,它包括利弊两个方面.有利方面主要是它使得更多的中小地主和下层知识分子被

英语翻译摘要：由于北宋是通过军事政变的形式建立的,在这样特殊背景下,致使了北宋的选官制度是极其复杂的,它包括利弊两个方面.有利方面主要是它使得更多的中小地主和下层知识分子被
英语翻译
摘要：由于北宋是通过军事政变的形式建立的,在这样特殊背景下,致使了北宋的选官制度是极其复杂的,它包括利弊两个方面.有利方面主要是它使得更多的中小地主和下层知识分子被吸收到政权机构中来,这有利于巩固政权的统治.在很大程度上消除了此前历代王朝始终无法禁绝的势要人物任情操纵国家官吏选拔的公害.对吏制的清明也产生了积极的影响等.弊端主要是它导致了北宋官僚政治恶性膨胀,造成了机构臃肿,官员冗滥,形成庞杂的官僚群.官员过多,必须结朋党,争权位,排斥倾轧,派系斗争特别剧烈.冗官耗费国家大量财力,加重对农民的剥削.北宋的恩荫制度保证了权贵子弟入仕途径的畅通,滥行恩荫加大了社会政治生活中的冗官之弊.使一批不谙文修武的纨绔子弟混入了官僚队伍,导致官吏整体素质下降等.总之,北宋的选官制度既有利又有弊.

英语翻译摘要：由于北宋是通过军事政变的形式建立的,在这样特殊背景下,致使了北宋的选官制度是极其复杂的,它包括利弊两个方面.有利方面主要是它使得更多的中小地主和下层知识分子被
Abstract:Because the Northern Song Dynasty is through the coup d'etatform establishment,under the such special background,caused theNorthern Song Dynasty to choose the official system is extremelycomplex,it including advantages two aspects.The advantageous aspectmainly is it causes the more center young landlord and the lower levelintellectual is absorbed in the political power organization,this isadvantageous to the consolidated political power rule.Eliminated thepotential important person in the very great degree which before thisall previous dynasties dynasty throughout is unable to completelyprohibit no matter what the sentiment operation country governmentofficial selects environmental damage.Pure Brightness makes which tothe government official has also had the positive influence and so on.The malpractice mainly was it causes the Northern Song Dynastybureaucrat politics malignancy to inflate,creates the overstaffedorganization,the official has overflowed,to form the numerousand disorderly bureaucrat group.The official excessively are many,must tie the clique,the struggle authority,the repel engages infactional strife,the clique struggles specially fiercely.theofficial consumes the national massive financial resource,aggravatesto farmer's exploitation.Northern Song Dynasty's graciousness shadesystem had guaranteed the powerful official juniors enter the Shi wayunimpededness,overflowed the good graciousness shade to enlarge inthe social politics life 冗 shortcoming of the official.Enable onebatch not to know by heart the article playboy to mix in thebureaucrat troop,caused the government official overall quality dropand so on.In brief,the Northern Song Dynasty chooses the officialsystem both to be advantageous and has the shortcoming.