英语16种时态结构

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英语16种时态结构

英语16种时态结构
英语16种时态结构

英语16种时态结构
一般现在,一般过去,一般将来,现在进行,过去进行,将来进行,现在完成,过去完成,将来完成.过去将来,过去将来完成,过去将来进行,现在完成进行,过去完成进行,将来完成进行,过去将来完成进行

一、现在一般时: Sub do Obj
例句: I go to school everyday.
二、过去一般时: Sub did Obj + 表示过去的状语
例句:Tom suddenly fell in yesterday.
三、将来一般时: Sub will (shall) do Obj + 表示将来的状语
例句:He...

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一、现在一般时: Sub do Obj
例句: I go to school everyday.
二、过去一般时: Sub did Obj + 表示过去的状语
例句:Tom suddenly fell in yesterday.
三、将来一般时: Sub will (shall) do Obj + 表示将来的状语
例句:He will come next week。
四、过去将来一般时:Sub would (should) do Obj
例句:You knew I would come.
五、现在完成时: Sub has done Obj
例句:The car has arrived.
六、过去完成时:Sub had done Obj + 表示过去时间的状语
例句: I had finished my homework before supper.
七、将来完成时:Sub will (shall) have done Obj +表示将来的状语
例句:I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.
八、过去将来完成时:Sub would have done Obj +表示过去将来的时间状语
例句:The day was drawing near when we would have completed the reservoir.
九、现在进行时:Sub be doing Obj
例句:What are you doing now, John?
十、过去进行时:Sub was doing Obj
例句:I was practising the violin at eight o’clock yesterday evening.
十一、将来进行时:Sub will be doing Obj + 标将来的时间状语
例句:What will you be doing this time tomorrow?
十二、过去将来进行时:Sub would be doing Obj
例句:John told us that Mary would be coming next day.
十三、现在完成进行时:Sub has been doing Obj + 状语
例句:I have been writing letters all this morning.
十四、过去完成进行时:Sub has been doing Obj + 表示过去时间的状语
例句:The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered.
十五、将来完成进行时:Sub will (shall) has been doing Obj + 表示将来某一时间的状语
例句:The play is coming off in August. By then the play will have been running for three months.
十六、过去将来完成进行时:Sub would has been doing + 状语
例句:He said that by the end of the Spring term he would have been studying English for three years.

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英语共有十六种时态,其表现形式如下(以study为例)   一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时现在 study be studying have studied have been studying 过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying 将来 will study wil be studying will have studied...

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英语共有十六种时态,其表现形式如下(以study为例)   一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时现在 study be studying have studied have been studying 过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying 将来 will study wil be studying will have studied will have been studying 过去将来would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying 时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 1. 一般现在时英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。用法:A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。 C) 经常性、习惯性动作。例:He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人。) D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 )可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. (下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。) How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?) 2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法:现在正在进行的动作。 3. 现在完成时(have done) 用法:A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。)注意事项:A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。 B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续) My sister has married. Don't disturb her.(终端动词) C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。 D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。) E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中,主句要求完成时。 例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授。) 4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing) 用法:表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。 5. 一般过去时用法:A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。 B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的 就是过去时。 C) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。 6. 过去完成时(had done) 用法:表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。 Until then, his family _________ from him for six months. A) didn't hear   C) hasn't heard   B) hasn't been hearing   D) hadn't heard 全句的意思是:“到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出,谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成,因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中:A) didn't hear,因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B) hasn't been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。C) hasn't heard,现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻,不能表示现在时间。注意事项:“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来,而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。例:There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,因为我们打开前门进来时,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。)分析:虽然时间状语是just now,似乎应该使用一般过去时,但是“在房间里”这个状态是在"开门"和"注意"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的,所以应该用过去完成时。 7. 过去将来时(would/ should do) 用法:表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。 8. 过去进行时(was/ were doing) 用法:A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。) B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时。例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)。注意事项:其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时 9. 一般将来时用法:A) 基本结构是will / shall do。 例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。) B) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。  C) 表示“打算去……,要……”时,可用be going to do。例:This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。) D) 表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。) E) "be to do"的5种用法: a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。 b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。 c) 能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may) d) 不可避免将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情。例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience. A. will be attended B. will be attended to C. is attended D. is attended to will be attended to关键的一点是:attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必须与to连用。另外,从上下文看,事情显然尚未解决,所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。 e) 用于条件从句“如果……想,设想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should)例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided. A) is to be   B) can be   C) will be   D) has been 答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。” F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。 10. 将来进行时(will be doing) 用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。 11. 将来完成时(will have done) 用法:表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。 12)将来完成进行时:shall have been doing ,will have been doing 13)过去完成进行时:had been doing 14) 过去将来进行时:should be doing , would be doing 15) 过去将来完成时:should have done , would have done 16) 过去将来完成进行时:should have been doing , would have been doing

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一般现在时:I make love with her everyday.
一般过去时:I made love with her yesterday.
一般将来时:I will make love with her tomorrow.
现在进行时:I am making love with her
过去进行时:I was making love with her at...

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一般现在时:I make love with her everyday.
一般过去时:I made love with her yesterday.
一般将来时:I will make love with her tomorrow.
现在进行时:I am making love with her
过去进行时:I was making love with her at this time yesterday
将来进行时:I will be making love with her at this time tomorrow
现在完成时:I have made love with her by now.
过去完成时:I had made love with her before yesterday.
将来完成时:I will have made love with her by tomorrow.
现在完成进行时:I have been making love with her for two hours.
过去完成进行时:I had been making love with her for two hours when her husband came in.
将来完成进行时:I will have been making love with her for two hours when her husband wakes up tomorrow morning.
时态 - 定义
英语语法中的时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时
下面就英语中常见的十种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这十种时态的基础上结合而成的。
时态 - 一、 一般现在时
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words..
时态 - 二、 一般过去时
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
时态 - 三、 现在进行时
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen
3.基本结构:be+doing
4.否定形式:be+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
时态 - 四、 过去进行时
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构 s+was/were+doing
4.否定形式:s+was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写)
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
时态 - 五、 现在完成时
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
时态 - 六、 过去完成时
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构:had + done.
4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
时态 - 七、 一般将来时
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are+going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:am/is/are not going to do ;will/shall not do。
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
时态 - 八、 过去将来时
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:was/were+going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
时态 - 九、将来完成时
1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语:by the time of;by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来)
3.基本结构:be going to/will/shall + have done
4例句:By the time you get back,great changes will have taken place in this area.
时态 - 十、现在完成进行时
1.概念:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。
2.基本结构:have/has +been+doing
3.时间状语:since+时间点,for+时间段等。
4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.
The chirdren have been watching TV since six o'clock.
时态 - 十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
时态 - 十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
时态 - 十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
时态 - 互相转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
时态 - 十六种时态
所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段,即:现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种;所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时说呈现的状态,有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态或完成进行状态四种。由时和态结合,便形成下列十六种时态:
一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时;
现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时;
现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时;
现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时.
一定选我!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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