请讲一下"分词作状语"与"独立主格"

请讲一下"分词作状语"与"独立主格"
请讲一下"分词作状语"与"独立主格"

请讲一下"分词作状语"与"独立主格"
分词作状语
分词和分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随情况.在表示时间、原因、条件、让步和方式时,通常可转换为相应的状语从句,表示方式和伴随情况时,可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分.
例如：Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up.(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,they stood up.)学生们看见老师走进房间,都站了起来.
Heated,ice will be changed into water.(=When it is heated...)当冰加热时,它就会变成水.(条件、时间)
Being excited,I couldn’t go to sleep.(=As I was excited,I couldn’t go to sleep.)我兴奋得睡不着觉.(原因)
I stood there,listening to the broadcast.(=I stood there and listened to the broadcast.)我站在那儿听广播.(伴随)
The children went away laughing.(=The children went away.They laughed as they went.)孩子们笑着走开了.(行为方式)
Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.(=Although they know all this...)他们尽管了解这一切,还是要我赔偿损失.
分词作状语与主语的关系.
A.现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系.
例如：He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上.
Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙.
B.过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系.
例如：Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好.
Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服.
分词作状语时前面可用连词.
when,while,once,if,unless,though等引导的状语从句,若其主语与主句主语相同时,可保留该副词连接词,其余部分则化简为分词短语.
例如：When (being) free,I’ll fetch you.有空时,我会来接你.
While walking along the street early in the morning,he saw her.一早在街上散步时,他看到了她.
If falling ill,I’ll see my doctor.如果生病我会去看医生.
Once completed,this power station supplies the nearby towns and villages with electricity.这个电站一旦建成,将向附近的城乡供电.
Even though given every opportunity,they would not try.即使给他们一切机会,他们也不肯试一试.
Though knowing the truth,he remained silent.虽然他知道实情,却保持沉默.
Unless (being) rich,I am not going abroad.除非有钱,要不然我是不会出国的.
分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致,否则分词必须有自己的主语.这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构,或独立主格.
例如：The rain having stopped,the soldiers continued their match.雨停后,战士们又继续行军了.
The boys returned,their face covered with sweat.孩子们回来了,满脸是汗.
〈注〉有时也可用“with(或without)+名词(或代词宾格)+分词”的结构,表示伴随情况.
例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他亮着灯睡着了.
The teacher entered the classroom,with a bag (being)in his hand.老师进了教室,手中提着一个包.
还有很多,你到这里找吧.很多语法知识,要慢慢看,看多了就懂了.