英语介绍加拿大要有国家、首都、语言、国旗颜色、著名地点

英语介绍加拿大要有国家、首都、语言、国旗颜色、著名地点
英语介绍加拿大
要有国家、首都、语言、国旗颜色、著名地点

英语介绍加拿大要有国家、首都、语言、国旗颜色、著名地点
Canada (IPA:/ˈkænədə/) is a country occupying most of northern North America,extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean.It is the world's second largest country by total area[7] and shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest.
The land occupied by Canada was inhabited for millennia by various groups of aboriginal people.Beginning in the late 15th century,British and French expeditions explored,and later settled along,the Atlantic coast.France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War.In 1867,with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation,Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces.[8][9][10] This began an accretion of additional provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom,highlighted by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and culminating in the Canada Act in 1982,which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.
A federation comprising ten provinces and three territories,Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy,with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state.It is a bilingual and multicultural country,with both English and French as official languages both at the federal level and in the province of New Brunswick.Technologically advanced and industrialized,Canada maintains a diversified economy that is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade鈥攑articularly with the United States,with which Canada has had a long and complex relationship.It is a member of the G8,NATO,APEC,the Commonwealth of Nations,the Francophonie,and the United Nations.
Canada's two official languages are English and French.Official bilingualism in Canada is law,defined in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms,the Official Languages Act,and Official Language Regulations; it is applied by the Commissioner of Official Languages.English and French have equal status in federal courts,Parliament,and in all federal institutions.The public has the right,where there is sufficient demand,to receive federal government services in either English or French,and official-language minorities are guaranteed their own schools in all provinces and territories.[118]
English and French are the mother tongues of 59.7% and 23.2% of the population respectively,[119] and the languages most spoken at home by 68.3% and 22.3% of the population respectively.[120] 98.5% of Canadians speak English or French (67.5% speak English only,13.3% speak French only,and 17.7% speak both).[121] English and French Official Language Communities,defined by First Official Language Spoken,constitute 73.0% and 23.6% of the population respectively.[122]
Although 85% of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec,there are substantial Francophone populations in Ontario,Alberta,and southern Manitoba,with an Acadian population in the northern and southeastern parts of New Brunswick constituting 35% of that province's population,as well as concentrations in southwestern Nova Scotia,on Cape Breton Island,and through central and western Prince Edward Island.Ontario has the largest French-speaking population outside Quebec.The Charter of the French Language in Quebec makes French the official language in Quebec,and New Brunswick is the only province to have a statement of official bilingualism in its constitution.[123] Other provinces have no official languages as such,but French is used as a language of instruction,in courts,and for other government services in addition to English.Manitoba,Ontario,and Quebec allow for both English and French to be spoken in the provincial legislatures,and laws are enacted in both languages.In Ontario,French has some legal status but is not fully co-official.Several aboriginal languages have official status in Northwest Territories.Inuktitut is the majority language in Nunavut,and one of three official languages in the territory.
Non-official languages are significant in Canada,with over five million people listing one as a first language.[119] Some of the most common non-official first languages include Chinese (853,745 first-language speakers),Italian (469,485),German (438,080),and Punjabi (271,220
Rank Core City Province Pop.Rank Core City Province Pop.
Montreal
Ottawa
Edmonton
1 Toronto Ontario 5,813,149 11 Kitchener Ontario 451,235
2 Montreal Quebec 3,635,571 12 St.Catharines Ontario 390,317
3 Vancouver British Columbia 2,116,581 13 Halifax Nova Scotia 372,858
4 Ottawa Ontario/Quebec 1,130,761 14 Oshawa Ontario 330,594
5 Calgary Alberta 1,079,310 15 Victoria British Columbia 330,088
6 Edmonton Alberta 1,034,945 16 Windsor Ontario 323,342
7 Quebec City Quebec 715,515 17 Saskatoon Saskatchewan 233,923
8 Winnipeg Manitoba 694,668 18 Regina Saskatchewan 194,971
9 Hamilton Ontario 692,911 19 Sherbrooke Quebec 186,952
10 London Ontario 457,720 20 St.John's Newfoundland and Labrador 181,113