英语翻译This is the time _when___ many writers find it most effective to outline as a way of visualizing the hidden spine ___by which___ the piece of writing is supported.

英语翻译This is the time _when___ many writers find it most effective to outline as a way of visualizing the hidden spine ___by which___ the piece of writing is supported.
英语翻译
This is the time _when___ many writers find it most effective to outline as a way of visualizing the hidden spine ___by which___ the piece of writing is supported.

英语翻译This is the time _when___ many writers find it most effective to outline as a way of visualizing the hidden spine ___by which___ the piece of writing is supported.
This is the time when many writers find it most effective to outline as a way of visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is
supported
句子语法结构分析
主语：This (这个）
系动词：is （是）
表语：the time（这个时间/时候）
定语从句：when many writers find it most effective to outline as a way of visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is supported
定语从句主语：many writers（很多作家）
定语从句谓语：find（发现/觉得/认为）
定语从句形式宾语：it（它）
定语从句宾语补足语：most effecive（最有效的）
定语从句正真宾语：to outline as a way of visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is supported（作为支持这篇著作的隐藏性脊柱/脊椎的形象化的方式进行概述）
动词不定式语法结构分析
动词不定式：to outline
修饰动词不定式方式状语：as a way of visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is supported.
方式状语语法结构分析：
as a way of 作为.一种方式
visualizing the hidden spine by which the piece of writing is supported
动词+宾语+定语从句
动词：visualizing （使形象化；想象/设想）
宾语：the hidden spine（隐藏性脊柱/脊椎）
修饰宾语定语从句：by which the piece of writing is supported（证实/支持这篇著作的）
关系代词which引导定语从句,which= the hidden spine; by which=by hidden spine
被动语态：The piece of writing is supported by the hidden spine.
主动语态：The hidden spine supports the piece of writing.
翻译成中文通常用主动语态翻译.
visualize the hidden spine =使隐藏性脊柱/脊椎的形象化
该句子为一个定语从句修饰的一个名词
by which the piece of writing is supported= The piece of writing is supported by the hidden spine 意思,支持这篇著作的隐藏性脊柱/脊椎